Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezihlala njalo ngawo-1970, kwavela amamotho kazibuthe omhlaba angavamile. Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo asebenzisa omazibuthe basemhlabeni abangajwayelekile ukuvusa inkanuko, futhi odonsa unomphela bangakhiqiza izinkambu kazibuthe unomphela ngemuva kokusebenza uzibuthe. Ukusebenza kwayo okujabulisayo kuhle kakhulu, futhi iphakeme kunamamotho ashukumisayo kagesi ngokuzinza, ikhwalithi, kanye nokuncipha kokulahlekelwa, okunyakazise imakethe yezimoto zendabuko.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukusebenza nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezisetshenziswa nguzibuthe kagesi, ikakhulukazi izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-electromagnetic emhlabeni, kuye kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Ngokuhambisana nentuthuko esheshayo yama-electronics, ubuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ukusebenza kwama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela kuba ngcono futhi kuba ngcono.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela anezinzuzo zesisindo esilula, isakhiwo esilula, usayizi omncane, izici ezinhle kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu. Izikhungo eziningi zocwaningo lwesayensi kanye namabhizinisi enza ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela, futhi izindawo zabo zokusebenza zizonwetshwa ngokuqhubekayo.

1.Isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-motor synchronous yamagnetic unomphela

a.Ukusetshenziswa kwezisetshenziswa zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisezingeni eliphezulu

Izinto zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zidlule izigaba ezintathu: SmCo5, Sm2Co17, kanye ne-Nd2Fe14B. Njengamanje, izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ezimelelwe yi-NdFeB seziphenduke uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu kazibuthe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikazibuthe unomphela kuye kwaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-motor induction yezigaba ezintathu zendabuko ene-excitation kagesi, uzibuthe unomphela uthatha indawo ye-pole excitation pole, yenza isakhiwo sibe lula, iqede indandatho yokushelela kanye nebhulashi le-rotor, ibona isakhiwo se-brushless, futhi inciphisa usayizi we-rotor. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukuminyana kwetorque nokusebenza kahle kwemoto, futhi kwenza injini ibencane futhi ibe lula, kuqhubekisele phambili nokwandisa insimu yokusetshenziswa kwayo futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kagesi kumandla aphezulu.

b.Ukusetshenziswa kwethiyori entsha yokulawula

Eminyakeni yamuva, ama-algorithms okulawula athuthuke ngokushesha. Phakathi kwazo, ama-algorithms okulawula ama-vector axazulule inkinga yesu lokushayela lama-motors e-AC, okwenza ama-motor e-AC abe nokusebenza okuhle kokulawula. Ukuvela kokulawulwa kwe-torque eqondile kwenza ukwakheka kokulawula kube lula, futhi kunezici zokusebenza kwesekethe eqinile yezinguquko zepharamitha kanye nesivinini sokuphendula se-torque esheshayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula i-torque engaqondile buxazulula inkinga ye-torque pulsation enkulu ye-torque eqondile ngesivinini esiphansi, futhi kuthuthukisa isivinini nokulawula ukunemba kwemoto.

c.Ukusetshenziswa kwezisetshenziswa zama-elekthronikhi ezinamandla asebenza kahle namaphrosesa

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-electronics amandla buyi-interface ebalulekile phakathi kwemboni yolwazi nezimboni zendabuko, kanye nebhuloho phakathi kwamandla amanje abuthakathaka kanye nokulawulwa kwamandla anamandla. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-electronics amandla kwenza ukufezeka kwamasu okulawula ukushayela.

Ngawo-1970s, kwavela uchungechunge lwama-inverters enhloso evamile, olungaguqula amandla emvamisa yezimboni abe amandla okuvama aguquguqukayo anefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo eqhubekayo, ngaleyo ndlela adale izimo zokulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo samandla we-AC. Lawa ma-inverters anekhono lokuqala elithambile ngemuva kokuba imvamisa isethiwe, futhi imvamisa ingakhuphuka isuka ku-zero iye kumvamisa obekiwe ngenani elithile, futhi izinga elikhuphukayo lingalungiswa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kobubanzi obubanzi, kuxazululwe inkinga yokuqala yama-motor synchronous.

2.Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinjini ezihambisanayo kazibuthe ekhaya naphesheya

Injini yokuqala emlandweni kwakuyimoto kazibuthe unomphela. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusebenza kwezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela kwakungelula neze, futhi amandla okuphoqeleka kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamagnetic unomphela kwakuphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ashintshwa ngokushesha ama-motor excitation motors.

Ngawo-1970, izinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezimelelwe i-NdFeB zazinamandla amakhulu okuphoqa, ukuguquguquka, ikhono eliqinile lokususa uzibuthe kanye nomkhiqizo omkhulu wamandla kazibuthe, okwenza amamotho asebenza unomphela azibuthe azibuthe avele esiteji somlando. Manje, ucwaningo lwama-motor synchronous azibuthe unomphela luya ngokuya luvuthwa, futhi luthuthukela esivinini esikhulu, i-torque ephezulu, amandla aphezulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile kwezazi zasekhaya kanye nohulumeni, ama-motor synchronous azibuthe ahlala njalo athuthuke ngokushesha. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-microcomputer kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe ahlala esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi, izidingo zabantu zamamotho kazibuthe azibuthe unomphela seziqine kakhulu, okwenze ukuthi amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela athuthuke aye ebangeni elikhudlwana lokulawula isivinini kanye nokulawula ukunemba okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza zamanje, izinto ezisebenza kahle zikazibuthe ezisebenza kahle zithuthukisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zayo futhi kancane kancane kusetshenziswe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphila.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje

a. Unomphela uzibuthe synchronous motor design ubuchwepheshe

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-motor ajwayelekile kagesi avusa amadlingozi, ama-motor synchronous uzibuthe unomphela awanawo ama-winding e-electric excitation, izindandatho zokuqoqa kanye namakhabethe avusa amadlingozi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukuzinza nokuthembeka, kodwa futhi nokusebenza kahle.

Phakathi kwazo, amamotho kazibuthe akhelwe ngaphakathi unomphela anezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, isici samandla aphezulu, ukuminyana kwamandla weyunithi ephezulu, amandla okukhulisa isivinini kazibuthe abuthakathaka kanye nesivinini sokuphendula esiguqukayo esisheshayo, okuwenza abe yinketho efanelekile yokushayela izinjini.

Ozibuthe baphakade banikeza yonke inkambu kazibuthe ethokozisayo yamamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo, futhi i-cogging torque izokhuphula ukudlidliza nomsindo wenjini ngesikhathi sokusebenza. I-torque ye-cogging eyeqile izothinta ukusebenza kwesivinini esiphansi sohlelo lokulawula isivinini semoto kanye nokuma okunembayo okuphezulu kwesistimu yokulawula isikhundla. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama i-motor, i-torque ye-cogging kufanele incishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-motor optimization.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokunciphisa i-torque ye-cogging zihlanganisa ukushintsha i-pole arc coefficient, ukunciphisa ububanzi be-slot ye-stator, ukufanisa i-skew slot kanye ne-pole slot, ukushintsha indawo, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwesigxobo kazibuthe, njll. , kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho unciphisa i-torque ye-cogging, kungase kuthinte okunye ukusebenza kwe-motor, njenge-torque ye-electromagnetic ingase yehle ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama, izici ezihlukahlukene kufanele zilinganiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.

b.Ubuchwephesha bokulingisa unomphela uzibuthe obuhambisanayo

Ukuba khona kozibuthe abangapheli kumamotho kazibuthe angunaphakade kwenza kube nzima kubaklami ukubala imingcele, njengokwakheka kwe-no-load leakage flux coefficient kanye ne-pole arc coefficient. Ngokuvamile, isoftware yokuhlaziya izinto ezinomkhawulo isetshenziselwa ukubala nokwenza kahle amapharamitha wamamotho kazibuthe angunaphakade. Isoftware yokuhlaziya izinto eziphelile ingabala amapharamitha emoto ngokunembe kakhulu, futhi ithembeke kakhulu ukuyisebenzisela ukuhlaziya umthelela wamapharamitha wezimoto ekusebenzeni.

Indlela yokubala yezinto ezinomkhawulo yenza kube lula, kusheshe futhi kunembe kakhudlwana ngathi ukubala nokuhlaziya inkambu kazibuthe kagesi yamamotho. Lena indlela yezinombolo eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sendlela yomehluko futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu kwezesayensi nobunjiniyela. Sebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukuze uhlukanise izizinda ezithile zesixazululo eziqhubekayo zibe amaqoqo amayunithi, bese uhlanganisa kuyunithi ngayinye. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzi wokuhumusha ngomugqa uyakhiwa, okungukuthi, umsebenzi olinganiselwe ulingiswa futhi uhlaziywe kusetshenziswa izakhi ezinomkhawulo, okusivumela ukuthi sibheke ngokunembile ukuqondiswa kwemigqa yamagnetic kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-magnetic flux density ngaphakathi kwenjini.

c.Ubuchwepheshe bezibuthe obuhlala njalo obuhambisana nokulawulwa kwezimoto

Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokushayela izimoto nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wokulawula izimboni. Inika amandla isistimu ukuthi ishayelwe ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu. Izici zayo eziyisisekelo zibonakala ngesivinini esiphansi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuqala ngokushesha, ukusheshisa okumile, njll., kungakhipha i-torque enkulu; futhi lapho ushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu, ingakwazi ukuzuza ukulawula kwesivinini samandla njalo ebangeni elibanzi. Ithebula 1 liqhathanisa ukusebenza kwamamotho amakhulu amaningana.

Njengoba kungabonwa kuThebula 1, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela anokwethenjelwa okuhle, ububanzi besivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Uma kuhlanganiswe nendlela yokulawula ehambisanayo, lonke uhlelo lwezithuthuthu lungafinyelela ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhetha i-algorithm yokulawula efanelekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kwejubane okuphumelelayo, ukuze uhlelo lwe-motor drive lukwazi ukusebenza endaweni yokulawula isivinini esilinganiselwe kanye nobubanzi bamandla obuqhubekayo.

Indlela yokulawula i-vector isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-algorithm yokulawula isivinini sikazibuthe unomphela. Inezinzuzo zebanga elibanzi lokulawula isivinini, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kanye nezinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-motor drive, ezokuthutha zikaloliwe kanye ne-servo yamathuluzi womshini. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuhlukile, isu lamanje lokulawula i-vector elamukelwayo nalo lihlukile.

4.Izici ze-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela

I-magnetic synchronous motor unomphela inesakhiwo esilula, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kanye nesici samandla aphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-motor excitation kagesi, ngoba awekho amabhulashi, abagibeli kanye namanye amadivaysi, akukho okwamanje okuvusa amadlingozi okudingekayo, ngakho-ke ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-stator nokumelana kuncane, ukusebenza kahle kuphakeme, i-torque yokuvusa inkulu, nokusebenza kokulawula. kungcono. Nokho, kukhona okungalungile njengezindleko eziphezulu kanye nobunzima ekuqaliseni. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula kumamotho, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula i-vector, ama-motor synchronous uzibuthe unomphela angafinyelela ukulawulwa kwejubane elibanzi, impendulo eguquguqukayo kanye nokulawulwa kokuma okunembayo okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ama-motor synchronous uzibuthe unomphela azoheha abantu abaningi ukuthi baqhube. ucwaningo olunzulu.

5.Izici Technical Anhui Mingteng unomphela uzibuthe synchronous motor

a. Injini inesici samandla aphezulu kanye nesici sekhwalithi ephezulu yegridi yamandla. Asikho isinxephezelo sesici samandla esidingekayo, futhi umthamo wemishini yesiteshi esincane ungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele;

b. Imoto kazibuthe ehlala njalo ijatshuliswa yizibuthe ezihlala njalo futhi isebenza ngokuhambisanayo. Akukho ukushaya kwejubane, futhi ukumelana kwepayipi akukhushulwa lapho ushayela abalandeli namaphampu;

c. Imoto kazibuthe unomphela ingaklanywa nge-torque ephezulu yokuqala (izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3) kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokugcwala njengoba kudingeka, ngaleyo ndlela ixazulule Umkhuba "wehhashi elikhulu elidonsa inqola encane";

d. I-current esebenzayo ye-asynchronous motor evamile ngokuvamile cishe izikhathi ezingu-0.5-0.7 zamanje ezilinganiselwe. I-Mingteng umazibuthe unomphela we-synchronous motor ayidingi amandla amanje. I-current esebenzayo yemoto kazibuthe unomphela kanye ne-asynchronous motor cishe ihluke ngo-50%, futhi ukusebenza kwamanje kwamanje cishe kungaphansi ngo-15% kunaleyo ye-asynchronous motor;

e. I-motor ingaklanywa ukuthi iqale ngokuqondile, futhi izilinganiso zokufaka zangaphandle ziyafana nalezo zamamotho asetshenziswa kakhulu asynchronous, angashintsha ngokugcwele amamotho asynchronous;

f. Ukwengeza umshayeli kungafinyelela isiqalo esithambile, isitobhi esithambile, kanye nokulawulwa kwesivinini esingenasinyathelo, ngokusabela okuhle okuguquguqukayo kanye nomphumela othuthukisiwe wokonga amandla;

g. I-motor inezinhlaka eziningi ze-topological, ezihlangabezana ngqo nezidingo eziyisisekelo zemishini yemishini ebangeni elibanzi nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu;

h. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, kufinyezwe uchungechunge lokudlulisela, futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokulungisa, isivinini esikhulu nesiphansi esiqondile amamotho ahlala unomphela ozibuthe angama-synchronous angaklanywa futhi akhiqizwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphakeme zabasebenzisi.

I-Anhui Mingteng Permanent-Magnetic Machinery&Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. (https://www.mingtengmotor.com/) yasungulwa ngo-2007. Kuyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu azibuthe ahambisanayo. Le nkampani isebenzisa ithiyori yesimanje yokuklama imoto, isoftware yokuklama ochwepheshe kanye nohlelo lokuzithuthukisa unomphela uzibuthe wemoto ukulingisa inkambu kagesi, indawo yoketshezi, indawo yokushisa, indawo yokucindezeleka, njll. izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla enjini, futhi ngokuyisisekelo uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuthembekile kwemoto kazibuthe unomphela.

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