Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela kuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa unomphela uzibuthe. I-China iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuthola izici kazibuthe zezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo futhi zisetshenziswe ekusebenzeni. Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,000 edlule, iShayina yasebenzisa amandla kazibuthe wezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ukwenza amakhampasi, okwabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuzulazuleni, ezempi nakweminye imikhakha, futhi yaba enye yezinto ezine ezinkulu ezisunguliwe eShayina yasendulo.
Injini yokuqala emhlabeni, eyavela ngeminyaka yawo-1920s, yayiyimoto kazibuthe ehlala njalo eyayisebenzisa odonsa unomphela ukuze ikhiqize amandla kazibuthe avusa amadlingozi. Kodwa-ke, into ehlala njalo kazibuthe eyayisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyi-magnetite yemvelo (Fe3O4), eyayinobuningi bamandla kazibuthe obuphansi kakhulu. Injini eyakhiwe ngayo yayinkulu ngosayizi futhi ngokushesha yathathelwa indawo umshini wokuvusa ugesi.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamamotho ahlukahlukene kanye nokusungulwa kwezibuthe zamanje, abantu benze ucwaningo olunzulu ngendlela, ukwakheka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bezinto ezibonakalayo zikazibuthe, futhi bathole ngokulandelana izinto ezihlukahlukene kazibuthe ezihlala unomphela njenge-carbon steel, insimbi ye-tungsten (ubukhulu bomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe obungaba ngu-2.7 kJ/m3), nensimbi ye-cobalt (ubukhulu bomkhiqizo kazibuthe obungu-7/J mayelana nobukhulu obungu-7.
Ikakhulukazi, ukubonakala kozibuthe be-aluminium nickel cobalt unomphela ngawo-1930 (umkhiqizo omkhulu wamandla kazibuthe ungafinyelela ku-85 kJ/m3) kanye nozibuthe be-ferrite unomphela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 (umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe omkhulu ungafinyelela ku-40 kJ/m3) kuthuthukiswe kakhulu izakhiwo kazibuthe, futhi amandla kazibuthe ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene abe nozibuthe wamandla amancane namancane. isukela kuma-milliwatts ambalwa ukuya emashumini ama-kilowatt. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezempi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nezolimo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke, futhi umphumela wabo uye wanda kakhulu.
Ngokuhambisanayo, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa impumelelo kuthiyori yokuklama, izindlela zokubala, imagnetization kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bamamotho kazibuthe unomphela, okwenza isethi yokuhlaziya nezindlela zocwaningo ezimelelwe indlela yomdwebo womdwebo ozibuthe osebenza unomphela. Kodwa-ke, amandla okuphoqeleka wezibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-AlNiCo aphansi (36-160 kA/m), futhi ukuminyana kazibuthe okusalayo kozibuthe abangunaphakade be-ferrite akuphakeme (0.2-0.44 T), okukhawulela ububanzi bokusebenzisa kwabo kumamotho.
Kwaze kwaze kwaba ngawo-1960 kanye nawo-1980 lapho omagnethi baphakade be-cobalt bomhlaba abangavamile kanye nozibuthe be-neodymium iron boron unomphela (bebonke babizwa ngokuthi omazibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile) baphuma ngokulandelana. Izakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zikazibuthe zokuminyana kazibuthe okusalayo okuphezulu, amandla amakhulu okuphoqelela, umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kanye nejika le-linear demagnetization zilungele ikakhulukazi izinjini zokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela zingenisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela enkathini entsha yomlando.
1.Izinto ezihlala njalo kazibuthe
Izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumamotho zifaka omazibuthe aba-sintered kanye nozibuthe ababoshiwe, izinhlobo eziphambili i-aluminium nickel cobalt, i-ferrite, i-samarium cobalt, i-neodymium iron boron, njll.
I-Alnico: Izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela i-Alnico ingenye yezinto zokuqala zikazibuthe ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi inqubo yayo yokulungiselela nobuchwepheshe sekuvuthiwe.
I-ferrite yaphakade: Ngawo-1950, i-ferrite yaqala ukuchuma, ikakhulukazi ngawo-1970, lapho i-strontium ferrite enokucindezela okuhle nokusebenza kwamandla kazibuthe ifakwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi obukhulu, yandisa ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kwe-ferrite ehlala njalo. Njengezinto ezingezona ezensimbi zikazibuthe, i-ferrite ayinakho ukungalungi kwe-oxidation elula, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-Curie kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zezinto zikazibuthe zensimbi, ngakho-ke ithandwa kakhulu.
I-Samarium cobalt: Impahla kazibuthe ehlala njalo enezici ezinhle kazibuthe ezavela maphakathi nawo-1960s futhi inokusebenza okuzinzile kakhulu. I-Samarium cobalt ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni ama-motor ngokuya ngezakhiwo kazibuthe, kodwa ngenxa yentengo yayo ephezulu, isetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamamotho ezempi njengezindiza, i-aerospace, nezikhali, kanye nama-motor emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nentengo kungeyona into eyinhloko.
I-NdFeB: Impahla kazibuthe ye-NdFeB iyingxubevange ye-neodymium, i-iron oxide, njll., eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi kazibuthe. Inomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kakhulu namandla aphoqayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinzuzo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu zenza izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB zisetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izinto ezincane, zikhanyise futhi zibe mncane njengezinsimbi, ama-electroacoustic motors, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kanye ne-magnetization. Ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-neodymium nensimbi, kulula ukugqwala. I-surface chemical passivation ingenye yezixazululo ezingcono kakhulu okwamanje.
Ukumelana nokugqwala, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza, ukusebenza kokucubungula, ukuma kwejika le-demagnetization,
kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwentengo yezinto ezisetshenziswa unomphela uzibuthe zamamotho (Umfanekiso)
2.Umthelela womumo wensimbi kazibuthe nokubekezelelana ekusebenzeni kwemoto
1. Ithonya lokuqina kwensimbi kazibuthe
Uma isifunda kazibuthe sangaphakathi noma sangaphandle silungisiwe, igebe lomoya liyancipha futhi i-flux kazibuthe esebenzayo iyanda lapho ukushuba kwanda. Ukubonakaliswa okusobala ukuthi isivinini esingenamthwalo siyancipha futhi i-no-load yamanje iyancipha ngaphansi kwe-magnetism efanayo eyinsalela, futhi ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kwemoto kuyanda. Kodwa-ke, kubuye kube nokubi, njengokukhuphuka kokudlidliza kwemoto kanye nejika elibukhali lemoto. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bensimbi kazibuthe yemoto kufanele buhambisane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza.
2.Ithonya lobubanzi bensimbi kazibuthe
Kozibuthe benjini ye-brushless abahlukaniswe eduze, igebe eliphelele alikwazi ukudlula u-0.5 mm. Uma incane kakhulu, ngeke ifakwe. Uma inkulu kakhulu, injini izodlidliza futhi yehlise ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhundla sesici seHholo esikala isikhundla sikazibuthe asihambisani nesimo sangempela sikazibuthe, futhi ububanzi kufanele buhambisane, ngaphandle kwalokho injini izoba nokusebenza kahle okuphansi nokudlidliza okukhulu.
Kumamotho abhulashiwe, kukhona igebe elithile phakathi koozibuthe, eligcinelwe indawo yoshintsho lwemishini. Nakuba likhona igebe, abakhiqizi abaningi banezinqubo eziqinile zokufaka uzibuthe ukuze baqinisekise ukunemba kokufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuma okunembile kokufaka kukazibuthe wemoto. Uma ububanzi bamagnetic budlula, ngeke bufakwe; uma ububanzi bukazibuthe buncane kakhulu, kuzobangela ukuthi uzibuthe ungahambi kahle, i-motor izodlidliza kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kuzoncishiswa.
3.Ithonya losayizi wensimbi kazibuthe kanye ne-non-chamfer
Uma i-chamfer ingenziwanga, izinga lokushintsha inkambu kazibuthe emaphethelweni enkambu kazibuthe yemoto lizoba likhulu, libangele ukushayeka kwemoto. Uma i-chamfer inkulu, ukudlidliza kuncane. Kodwa-ke, i-chamfering ngokuvamile ibangela ukulahlekelwa okuthile ku-flux kazibuthe. Kwezinye izicaciso, ukulahleka kwe-magnetic flux kungu-0.5~1.5% lapho i-chamfer ingu-0.8. Kumamotho abhulashwayo anozibuthe osalayo ophansi, ukwehlisa ngokufanelekile usayizi we-chamfer kuzosiza ukunxephezela uzibuthe osele, kodwa ukushayeka kwemoto kuzokwanda. Ngokuvamile, lapho uzibuthe osalayo uphansi, ukubekezelelana ohlangothini lobude kungakhuliswa ngokufanelekile, okungakhuphula ukugeleza kazibuthe okusebenzayo ngokwezinga elithile futhi kugcine ukusebenza kwemoto ngokungaguquki.
3.Amanothi kumamotho kazibuthe unomphela
1. Isakhiwo sesekhethi samagnetic nokubala komklamo
Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okuphelele kwezakhi kazibuthe zezinto ezihlukile zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo, ikakhulukazi izici kazibuthe ezinhle kakhulu zozibuthe basemhlabeni abangajwayelekile, nokwenza amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela angabizi kakhulu, akwenzeki ukuvele usebenzise ukwakheka nezindlela zokubala zokuklama zamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela wendabuko noma amamotho ashukumisayo kagesi. Imiqondo emisha yedizayini kufanele isungulwe ukuze kuhlaziywe kabusha futhi kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwesekethe kazibuthe. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe besoftware, kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zesimanje zokuklama ezifana nokubala kwezinombolo zensimu ye-electromagnetic, ukwakheka okuhle kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulingisa, nangemizamo ehlanganyelwe yemiphakathi yezifundo zezimoto nezobunjiniyela, impumelelo yenziwe ithiyori yokuklama, izindlela zokubala, izinqubo zesakhiwo kanye nokulawulwa kobuchwepheshe bomabuthene abaphelele nezindlela zokuhlaziya eziphelele zekhompiyutha yocwaningo kanye nezindlela zokuhlaziya eziphelele zekhompyutha. ihlanganisa ukubala kwezinombolo kwenkundla kazibuthe kanye nesisombululo sokuhlaziya sesifunda sikazibuthe esilinganayo, futhi sithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Inkinga ye-demagnetization engalungiseki
Uma ukwakheka noma ukusetshenziswa kungafanele, injini kazibuthe unomphela ingase ikhiqize ukuwohloka kazibuthe ongenakulungiseka, noma ukukhishwa kazibuthe, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu (uzibuthe we-NdFeB unomphela) noma liphansi kakhulu (umazibuthe we-ferrite unomphela), ngaphansi kokusabela kwe-armature okubangelwa umthelela wamanje, noma ngaphansi kokudlidliza okuqinile komshini, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwemoto futhi kuyenze ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukutadisha nokuthuthukisa izindlela namadivayisi afanele abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuze bahlole ukuzinza okushisayo kwezinto zikazibuthe unomphela, futhi kuhlaziywe amandla e-anti-demagnetization amafomu ahlukahlukene esakhiwo, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo ngesikhathi sokuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unomphela uzibuthe motor ayilahlekelwa amandla kazibuthe.
3.Izindaba Zezindleko
Njengoba izibuthe ezihlala unomphela zomhlaba ezingavamile zisabiza kakhulu, izindleko zamamotho kazibuthe asemhlabeni angavamile ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunalezo zamamotho ashukumisayo kagesi, okudingeka zinxeshezelwe ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu nokonga ezindlekweni zokusebenza. Kwezinye izikhathi, njengamamotho wekhoyili wezwi wamadrayivu ediski ekhompyutha, ukusetshenziswa kozibuthe be-NdFeB unomphela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza, kunciphisa kakhulu ivolumu nesisindo, futhi kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele. Lapho uklama, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqhathanisa kokusebenza kanye nentengo ngokusekelwe ezikhathini ezithile zokusetshenziswa nezimfuneko, kanye nokusungula izinqubo zesakhiwo nokuthuthukisa imiklamo ukuze kwehliswe izindleko.
I-Anhui Mingteng Permanent Magnet Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd. (https://www.mingtengmotor.com/). Izinga lokuqeda uzibuthe likazibuthe unomphela wensimbi kazibuthe alikho ngaphezu kwenkulungwane eyodwa ngonyaka.
Izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ze-rotor yemoto kazibuthe wenkampani yethu zamukela umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kanye nokucindezelwa okuphezulu kwe-intrinsic sintered NdFeB, futhi amamaki ajwayelekile yi-N38SH, N38UH, N40UH, N42UH, njll. Thatha i-N38SH, ibanga elivame ukusetshenziswa lenkampani yethu, njengesibonelo: 38M amandla kagesi; I-SH imele ukumelana nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu okungu-150℃. I-UH inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okungu-180 ℃. Le nkampani iklame izinto ezisebenza kahle zamathuluzi neziqondiso zokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi kazibuthe, futhi yahlaziya ngokufanelekile i-polarity yensimbi kazibuthe ehlanganisiwe ngezindlela eziphusile, ukuze inani elihlobene nakazibuthe eliguquguqukayo lensimbi ngayinye enozibuthe lisondele, okuqinisekisa ukulingana kwesekethe kazibuthe kanye nekhwalithi yomhlangano wensimbi kazibuthe.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2024