1.Ukuhlukaniswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela kanye nezici zokushayela imboni

Kunezinhlobo eziningi, ezinomumo nobukhulu obuvumelana nezimo. Ngokomsebenzi wemoto, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: amajeneretha kazibuthe ahlala njalo, amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo, nezinzwa zesiginali kazibuthe unomphela. Phakathi kwazo, amamotho kazibuthe unomphela ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ama-synchronous, DC, kanye ne-stepper.

1) Unomphela uzibuthe motor synchronous:

Isakhiwo se-stator nomgomo wokusebenza kuyahambisana nalawo amamotho endabuko e-AC asynchronous. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, iye yathuthuka ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, kancane kancane ishintsha amamotho endabuko e-AC asynchronous, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuzishintsheni kwezimboni, amathuluzi omshini, ukuphrinta, izindwangu, ezokwelapha neminye imikhakha.

2) Unomphela uzibuthe DC motor:

Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo sifana nalezo zamamotho endabuko e-DC. Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezihlukene zokushintsha, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-brushed (ukushintshashintsha komshini) kanye ne-brushless (ukushintshashintsha ngogesi). Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, amathuluzi kagesi, izinto zasendlini kanye neminye imikhakha.

3) Unomphela uzibuthe stepper motor:

Isebenzisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwendawo kazibuthe ekhiqizwe uzibuthe ongapheli kanye nendawo ezungezayo kazibuthe ekhiqizwe i-stator ukuze kuzuzwe ukunyakaza okunembayo. Inezinzuzo zokunemba okuphezulu, isivinini sokuphendula ngokushesha, nokonga amandla, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi anembayo, imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo, imishini yezokwelapha neminye imikhakha.

1.1 Izici zokushayela

1.1.1 Uhlangothi lomkhiqizo

Isimiso sokusebenza sikamazibuthe unomphela silula, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezimoto kuncipha kakhulu. Sekukonke, amamotho kagesi endabuko adinga ukuncika ekunikezeni amandla angaphandle ukuze akhe amandla e-electromotive ejeneretha, anikeze amandla okuqala, bese ethembela ku-voltage yawo ephumayo ukuze asebenze. Umgomo wokusebenza wamamotho kazibuthe unomphela ulula, futhi indawo kazibuthe idinga ukuhlinzekwa ngozibuthe baphakade.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho endabuko, izinzuzo zamamotho kazibuthe unomphela zibonakala ngokuyinhloko: ① ukulahleka kwe-stator okuphansi; ② akukho ukulahleka kwethusi kwe-rotor; ③ akukho ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-rotor; ④ ukungqubuzana komoya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko yama-motor kazibuthe unomphela ukuthi insimbi kazibuthe ayimelani nokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo. Ukuze ugweme isimo lapho ukusebenza kwemoto kuncipha noma kuchithwe ngenxa yokukhishwa kazibuthe, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lemoto lidinga ukulawulwa ngokufanele.

Umthelela wokonga amandla ubalulekile futhi ukusebenza kahle sekukonke kuyathuthukiswa. Ngezansi, senza ukuhlaziya okuqondile kokusebenza ngokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezimoto nezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimoto:

1) Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezimoto

sikhethe amamotho ayizibuthe anomphela ahambisanayo ukuze aqhathaniswe namanye amamotho endabuko, phakathi kwawo amamotho ashintshashintshayo angathandi, ama-synchronous reluctance motors, namamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela wonke angamamotho avumelanayo. Kuhlanganiswe nezinkomba, njengoba amamotho kazibuthe unomphela awadingi amabhulashi nama-excitation currents, anekghono eliphezulu nokuqina kwamandla kunamamotho endabuko. Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwama-DC motors, aphansi kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo azihlukile kakhulu. Ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla factor of unomphela uzibuthe motors ukusebenza okuvelele kakhulu, nge ukusebenza kahle 85-97%. Nakuba amamotho amancane ngokuvamile angafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-80%, amamotho kazibuthe unomphela anezinzuzo ezisobala uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle kuka-40-60% wamamotho asynchronous. Ngokwesici samandla, singafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-0.95, okubonisa ukuthi ingxenye yengxenye yamanje esebenzayo yamamotho kazibuthe unomphela inani lamanje likhulu kunelezinye izinhlobo, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liphezulu.

2)Ngokusho kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-motor

Ngokusho kwamandla kazibuthe kanye nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ezisetshenziswa emotweni, amamotho kazibuthe angapheli angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: insimbi, i-ferrite, nomhlaba ongavamile. Phakathi kwazo, ama-ferrite kanye namamotho kazibuthe omhlaba angajwayelekile asetshenziswa kabanzi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho endabuko, izinjini zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zinesakhiwo esilula kanye nezinga lokuhluleka eliphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kozibuthe basemhlabeni abangajwayelekile kungakhuphula igebe lomoya kazibuthe, kukhuphule isivinini semoto sibe ngcono kakhulu, futhi kuthuthukise isilinganiso samandla nesisindo. Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza ibanzi ngokuqhathaniswa. Okuwukuphela kokungalungile kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela yizindleko zawo eziphakeme. Uma sithatha intengo yezimotho zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile njengesibonelo, ngokuvamile iphakeme izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 kunaleyo yamamotho endabuko.

1.1.2 Uhlangothi lwenqubomgomo

Izinqubomgomo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo.

1) Imboni kazibuthe unomphela ibhekene nentuthuko esheshayo eqhutshwa izinqubomgomo.

Njengomnyombo wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamamotho kazibuthe unomphela, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthandwa komazibuthe unomphela kunomthelela obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele mayelana nokwesekwa kwemboni, ukuvuselela inqubomgomo kanye nokwakhiwa okujwayelekile ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe unomphela kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kwamamotho kazibuthe unomphela.

2)Khuthaza amandla okukhula ngaphansi kwesidingo sokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.

Ngokukhula kweChina ekugcizeleleni ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo kuye kwaletha amathuba okukhula. Selokhu kwasungulwa izinga elisha lezwe ngo-2020, i-China ayisakhiqizi izinjini ezingaphansi kwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe i-IE3, futhi iphoqeleka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-“Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan” eyakhishwa ngo-2021 nango-2022 ihlongoze ukuthi ngo-2023, umphumela wonyaka wamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu okonga amandla kuzoba ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-170, kanye nengxenye yama-motor akonga amandla aphezulu asebenza kahle. kuzodlula ama-20%; ngo-2025, ingxenye yamamotho amasha akonga amandla aphezulu izodlula ama-70%. Kubalwa ngesilinganiso se-kilowatt-hora elingu-1: amakhilogremu angu-0.33, kulingana nokonga amathani ayizigidi ezingu-15 zamalahle avamile kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-28 ngonyaka, okulindeleke ukuthi kushayele amamotho kazibuthe unomphela enkathini yokukhula ngokushesha. .

2.Ukuhlaziywa Kochungechunge Lwezimboni Zezibuthe Ezihlala Phakade

Uma sibheka phezulu kwawo wonke uchungechunge lwemboni, sizothola ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amamotho kazibuthe unomphela zihlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kazibuthe (njengamazibuthe we-neodymium iron boron, ama-ferrites kazibuthe ahlala njalo, i-samarium cobalt, i-aluminium nickel cobalt, njll. .), ithusi, insimbi, izinto zokufakelwa kanye ne-aluminium, phakathi kwazo izinto ezisebenza kahle kazibuthe ziwumgogodla wokukhiqiza izinjini zikazibuthe ezisebenza kahle ezihlala njalo. Ezansi nemboni yezimoto zikazibuthe unomphela, ikakhulukazi izinkambu ezihlukene zokufaka isicelo, okuhlanganisa amandla omoya, izimoto zamandla amasha, indiza, imboni yendwangu, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, njll. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza ephansi, ukukhula kwesidingo. emakethe yesicelo esibulalayo kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo.

2.1 Umfula ukhuphuka: Izinto zikazibuthe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zifaka isandla ezindlekweni, zibalwa ngaphezu kwama-25%

Izinto zokwakha zingaphezu kwesigamu sezindleko eziphelele, phakathi kwazo izinto zikazibuthe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezimoto. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphukayo zamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela ikakhulukazi zifaka izinto kazibuthe (ezifana nozibuthe be-neodymium iron boron, ferrite kazibuthe unomphela, i-samarium cobalt, i-aluminium nickel cobalt, njll.), amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, ithusi, insimbi, i-aluminium, njll. amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon kanye nethusi yingxenye eyinhloko yezindleko zempahla eluhlaza, ezibalelwa ngaphezu kuka-50% wezindleko. Yize ngokwesakhiwo sezindleko zamamotho endabuko, izindleko zokuqala zokuthenga, ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa kwemoto zenza kuphela u-2.70% wawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yemoto, ngenxa yezinto ezinjengamanani omkhiqizo, ukuncintisana nokuthandwa kwemakethe, abakhiqizi bezimoto. qaphela kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa.

1) Izinto zikaMazibuthe:Ozibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile banezakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe futhi bafaneleka kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuphezulu nokusebenza kwamandla aphezulu. Ozibuthe be-NdFeB kanye ne-cobalt bayizicelo ezibalulekile zomhlaba ezingavamile ezintweni zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela. Ngenxa yeziqiwi zaseChina ezicebile ezingavamile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-NdFeB kubala cishe u-90% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngo-2008, ukukhiqizwa kwemoto kazibuthe waseChina okuhlala unomphela kuye kwakhuphuka ngokushesha, kancane kancane kwaba umkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni, futhi isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-NdFeB siphindeke kabili phakathi kuka-2008 no-2020. inkimbinkimbi, ngakho intengo yamamotho kazibuthe unomphela iphakeme kunaleyo yamamotho endabuko. Izinto zikazibuthe ngokuvamile zibalelwa ku-30% wesamba sezindleko.

2) Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon:Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwakha ingxenye eyinhloko yemoto kazibuthe unomphela. Ngenxa yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokulungiselela, izindleko zayo ziphakeme kakhulu. I-Silicon steel sheet ibalelwa ku-20% wezindleko eziphelele.

3) Ithusi:Ikakhulukazi isetshenziswa njenge-conductor yamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela, ebalelwa cishe u-15% wezindleko eziphelele.

4) Insimbi:Ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa ukwakha isakhiwo kanye nezinto zegobolondo zamamotho kazibuthe unomphela, okubalelwa cishe u-10% wezindleko eziphelele.

5) I-Aluminium:Ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa ukwenza amasinki okushisa, amakhava okuphela kanye nezinye izingxenye zokukhipha ukushisa.

6) Izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye namathuluzi:okulinganiselwa ku-15% wezindleko eziphelele.

2.2 Ezansi komfula: Izinkambu eziningi zilungiselela ukwenza imizamo, futhi amandla amakhulu embonini alindele ukutholwa

Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo manje asesetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene nakuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Kuze kube manje, amamotho kazibuthe unomphela angenele ngempumelelo ezimotweni, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya, ezishintshayo zezimboni nezinye izimboni, okwenza umnikelo onamandla ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho, izimboni ezifana namakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, uwoyela negesi, i-metallurgy, nogesi nazo seziqalile ukusebenzisa kancane kancane izinjini ezisebenza ngozibuthe. Ngokuzayo, njengoba amathrendi embonini egxila kakhulu kwezobuhlakani, ezishintshayo, nokongiwa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene engezansi komfula kuzoba namandla amakhulu futhi kuqhubeke nokugcina umfutho wentuthuko esheshayo.

3.Permanent Motor Market Analysis

3.1 Mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa

Iqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha, isidingo sikhula ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi bezimoto zikazibuthe basemhlabeni abangavamile baseShayina basakazwa kakhulu eMpumalanga China naseNingizimu China, abacebile ngezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane futhi banesisekelo sezimboni esiqinile. Kunesidingo esinamandla samamotho kazibuthe unomphela, avumela ukwakheka kochungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseShayina zikhuphuke zisuka ezigidini ezingama-768 zaya kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.525, nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingu-12.11%, lidlula kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwama-micromotor (amamotho anobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-160mm noma amandla alinganiselwe angaphansi kuka-750mW) angu-3.94%.

Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yenkundla entsha yamandla, isidingo samamotho kazibuthe unomphela emikhakheni esezansi nomfula njengamandla omoya nezimoto zikagesi siye sakhula ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Ngo-2021 no-2022, isidingo saseChina samamotho kazibuthe ahlala emhlabeni angavamile sizoba amayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.193 kanye namayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.283, ngokulandelana, ukwanda konyaka ngo-7.54%.

3.2 Mayelana Nosayizi Wemakethe

Imakethe yezimoto zikazibuthe yaseShayina ehlala unomphela ikhombisa ukukhula okuqinile, futhi ukukhushulwa kwamasimu angezansi kukhuthaze amandla emakethe. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imakethe yezimoto zikazibuthe unomphela emhlabeni wonke iye yagcina ukukhula okuqinile futhi yabonisa umkhuba wokuthuthuka onethemba. Ngo-2022, usayizi wemakethe ufinyelele ku-US $ 48.58 billion, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngo-7.96%. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2027, imakethe yezimoto zikazibuthe yomhlaba wonke izofinyelela ku-US $ 71.22 billion, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-7.95%. Ishayelwa izinkambu ezansi nomfula njengezimoto zamandla amasha, ama-air conditioner ashintshashintshayo, namandla omoya, imakethe yezimoto zikazibuthe yaseChina ehlala njalo ikhombisa ukukhula ngokushesha. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo enebanga lamandla ka-25-100KW ibusa imakethe.

Imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane kancane, futhi i-China ihola phambili ekuthuthukiseni le mboni. Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kwezinto zikazibuthe unomphela kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezimoto, imakethe yezimoto zikazibuthe unomphela emhlabeni izogcina ukukhula okuqinile. I-China izoqhubeka nokugcina ubuholi bayo bemakethe. Ngokuzayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Yangtze River Delta, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifunda sasentshonalanga, ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo kuzonikeza umfutho oqinile wokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela emakethe yaseShayina.

4.Global Competition Landscape of Permanent Magnet Motors

Ekuthuthukisweni kwamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela emhlabeni jikelele, iShayina, iJalimane kanye neJapan asebe ngabaholi kumamotho kazibuthe asezingeni eliphezulu, anembayo kanye nentsha ehlala njalo ngeminyaka yawo yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile.

I-China isibe yisisekelo esibalulekile semboni yezimoto zikazibuthe emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukuncintisana kwayo kuyanda.

Ngokwesakhiwo sesifunda, i-Jiangsu, i-Zhejiang, i-Fujian, i-Hunan ne-Anhui seziphenduke izisekelo ezibalulekile embonini yezimoto zikazibuthe yase-China, ethatha isabelo esikhulu semakethe.

Ngokuzayo, imboni yezimoto zikazibuthe unomphela emhlabeni wonke izongenisa umncintiswano oshube kakhulu, futhi iChina, njengemakethe eguquguqukayo nengase ibe khona emhlabeni, izobamba iqhaza elibalulekile kule nqubo.

5.Isingeniso ku-Anhui Mingteng Permanent Magnet Motor

I-Anhui Mingteng Permanent-Magnetic Machinery&Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. (https://www.mingtengmotor.com/) yasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 18, 2007 inemali ebhalisiwe engu-RMB 144 million. Itholakala eShuangfeng Economic Development Zone, Hefei City, Isifundazwe sase-Anhui. Kuyibhizinisi lesimanje lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elihlanganisa ucwaningo lwemoto kazibuthe unomphela kanye nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nezinsizakalo.

Inkampani ibilokhu igxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo. Inethimba laphakade locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemoto kazibuthe elinabantu abangaphezu kwama-40 futhi selisungule ubudlelwano besikhathi eside bokusebenzisana namanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu kahulumeni. Ithimba le-R&D lamukela ithiyori yesimanje yokuklama izimoto kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuklama izimoto obuthuthukile. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokunqwabelana kobuchwepheshe, isithuthukise ukucaciswa okucishe kube yizi-2,000 zamamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela njengejwayelekile, imvamisa eguquguqukayo, i-explosion-proof, i-variable frequency explosion-proof, idrayivu eqondile, kanye nochungechunge lwedrayivu eqondile efakazelwa ukuqhuma. Iziqonda ngokugcwele izidingo zobuchwepheshe zemishini ehlukahlukene yokushayela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene futhi isikwazile inani elikhulu lokuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlola, nokusebenzisa idatha.

Amamotho kazibuthe kaMingteng aphezulu naphansi asetshenziswe ngempumelelo emithwalweni eminingi efana namafeni, amaphampu amanzi, izinto zokuthutha amabhande, izigayo zamabhola, izixube, ama-crusher, ama-scrapers, amaphampu kawoyela, imishini yokuphotha, njll. emikhakheni ehlukene njengezimayini, insimbi. , kanye nogesi, ukuzuza imiphumela emihle yokonga amandla nokuthola udumo olubanzi.

UMingteng ubelokhu ephikelela ekwenziweni okusha okuzimele, ukunamathela kunqubomgomo yebhizinisi “yemikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala, ukuphathwa kwesigaba sokuqala, izinsizakalo ezisezingeni lokuqala, kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni lokuqala”, ehlanganisa izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zikazibuthe ezisebenza unomphela zokonga amandla jikelele kubasebenzisi. , ukwakha unomphela ozibuthe motor R&D kanye nethimba lokusungula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinethonya lamaShayina, futhi silwela ukuba umholi kanye nesetter ejwayelekile embonini yezithuthuthu zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseChina.

I-copyright: Lesi sihloko siphrintiwe kabusha isixhumanisi sokuqala:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PF9VseLCkGkGywbmr2Jfkw

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