I. Inhloso nokubaluleka kokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
(1)Inhloso Yokukala Amapharamitha we-synchronous Inductance (okungukuthi, i-Cross-axis Inductance)
Amapharamitha we-AC kanye ne-DC inductance amapharamitha amabili abaluleke kakhulu ku-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela. Ukuthola kwabo okunembile kuyisidingo kanye nesisekelo sokubala kwesici semoto, ukulingisa okuguquguqukayo nokulawula isivinini. I-synchronous inductance ingasetshenziswa ukubala izakhiwo eziningi eziqinile ezifana nesici samandla, ukusebenza kahle, i-torque, i-armature current, amandla kanye namanye amapharamitha. Ohlelweni lokulawula lwemoto kazibuthe unomphela esebenzisa isilawuli se-vector, imingcele ye-synchronous inductor ibandakanyeka ngokuqondile ku-algorithm yokulawula, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi esifundeni esibuthakathaka samagnetic, ukunemba kwemingcele yemoto kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-torque. namandla. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwemingcele ye-inductor evumelanisiwe.
(2)Izinkinga okufanele ziphawulwe ekulinganiseni ukuthokoma okuhambisanayo
Ukuze uthole ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukwakheka kwama-motor synchronous kazibuthe ahlala unomphela kuvame ukuklanywa ukuthi kube nzima kakhulu, futhi umjikelezo kazibuthe wemoto ugcwala kakhulu, okuholela kupharamitha ye-synchronous inductance ye-motor ehluka ngokugcwala isifunda kazibuthe. Ngamanye amazwi, imingcele izoshintsha nezimo zokusebenza zemoto, ngokuphelele ngezimo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe zemingcele ye-synchronous inductance ayikwazi ukukhombisa ngokunembile uhlobo lwepharamitha yemoto. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukala amanani we-inductance ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
2.unomphela uzibuthe motor synchronous inductance izindlela zokulinganisa
Leli phepha liqoqa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance futhi lenza ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe nokuhlaziywa kwazo. Lezi zindlela zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlolwa komthwalo oqondile kanye nokuhlola okungaqondile okungaqondile. Ukuhlola okungaguquki kuphinde kuhlukaniswe ngokuhlolwa okungaguquki kwe-AC kanye nokuhlola okungashintshi kwe-DC. Namuhla, isitolimende sokuqala "Sezindlela Zokuhlola I-Synchronous Inductor" sizochaza indlela yokuhlola umthwalo.
Imibhalo [1] yethula isimiso sendlela yomthwalo oqondile. Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela ngokuvamile angahlaziywa ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yokusabela kabili ukuze kuhlaziywe ukusebenza kwawo komthwalo, futhi imidwebo yesigaba yejeneretha nokusebenza kwemoto kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1 ngezansi. I-engeli yamandla engu-θ yejeneretha iphozithivu ngo-E0 edlula u-U, i-engeli yesici samandla engu-φ iphozithivu ngokuthi I yedlula u-U, futhi i-engeli yesici samandla angaphakathi u-ψ iphozithivu ngo-E0 edlula u-I. I-engeli yamandla engu-θ yemoto iphozithivu U-U wedlula u-E0, i-engeli yesici samandla u-φ iphozithivu ngo-U edlula u-I, futhi i-engeli yesici samandla sangaphakathi ψ iphozithivu ngo-I edlula u-E0.
Umdwebo wesigaba soku-1 sokusebenza kwe-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela
(a)Isimo sejeneretha (b) Isimo sezimoto
Ngokwalo mdwebo wesigaba ungatholakala: lapho ukusebenza komthwalo wemoto kazibuthe unomphela, kulinganiswa amandla e-electromotive force E0, i-armature terminal voltage U, I yamanje, i-engeli yesici samandla φ kanye ne-angle yamandla θ nokunye, ingatholakala ingalo. yamanje ye-eksisi eqondile, ingxenye ye-cross-axis i-Id = Isin (θ - φ) kanye ne-Iq = Icos (θ - φ), bese kuthi i-Xd ne-Xq ingatholwa kulesi sibalo esilandelayo:
Lapho i-generator isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Lapho injini isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Izimo ezizinzile zamamotho kazibuthe ahambisanayo ziyashintsha njengoba izimo zokusebenza zenjini zishintsha, futhi lapho i-armature current ishintsha, kokubili i-Xd ne-Xq iyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, lapho unquma imingcele, qiniseka ukuthi ubonisa nezimo zokusebenza zemoto. (Inani elishintshayo neliqondile le-shaft yamanje noma i-stator yamanje kanye ne-engeli yesici samandla sangaphakathi)
Ubunzima obuyinhloko lapho kulinganiswa amapharamitha e-inductive ngendlela yokulayisha eqondile kusesilinganisweni se-engeli yamandla engu-θ. Njengoba sazi, umehluko we-engeli yesigaba phakathi kwe-motor terminal voltage U kanye namandla e-excitation electromotive. Lapho i-motor isebenza ngokuzinzile, i-voltage yokuphela ingatholakala ngokuqondile, kodwa i-E0 ayikwazi ukutholwa ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ingatholakala kuphela ngendlela engaqondile ukuze uthole isignali yezikhathi ezinemvamisa efanayo ne-E0 kanye nomehluko wesigaba esinqunyiwe ozothatha indawo. E0 ukuze wenze ukuqhathanisa kwesigaba ne-voltage yokugcina.
Izindlela zendabuko ezingaqondile yilezi:
1) endaweni ye-armature slot yemoto evivinywayo egqitshwe iphimbo kanye nekhoyili yasekuqaleni yemoto yokujika okuningana kocingo olucolekile njengekhoyili yokulinganisa, ukuze kutholwe isigaba esifanayo ne-motor winding ngaphansi kwesignali yokuqhathanisa kagesi wokuhlola, ngokuqhathanisa i-angle factor yamandla ingatholakala.
2) Faka i-synchronous motor ku-shaft ye-motor ngaphansi kokuhlolwa efana ne-motor ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. Indlela yokulinganisa isigaba se-voltage [2], ezochazwa ngezansi, isekelwe kulesi simiso. Umdwebo wokuhlola wokuxhumana uboniswa kuMfanekiso 2. I-TSM iyinjini ehambisanayo kazibuthe evivinywayo, i-ASM iyinjini efanayo ehambisanayo edingekayo ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PM iyisihambisi esiyinhloko, esingaba injini ehambisanayo noma i-DC. injini, B iyibhuleki, futhi i-DBO iyi-oscilloscope ye-double beam.Izigaba B no-C ze-TSM ne-ASM zixhunywe ku-oscilloscope. Uma i-TSM ixhunywe kugesi wezigaba ezintathu, i-oscilloscope ithola amasignali e-VTSM kanye ne-E0ASM. ngenxa yokuthi amamotho amabili ayafana futhi azungeza ngokuhambisanayo, i-backpotential engekho yomthwalo ye-TSM yomhloli kanye ne-no-load backpotential ye-ASM, esebenza njengejeneretha, i-E0ASM, isesigabeni. Ngakho-ke, i-engeli yamandla engu-θ, okungukuthi, umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-VTSM ne-E0ASM ungalinganiswa.
Umdwebo 2 Umdwebo wezintambo wokuhlola wokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla
Le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngoba: ① ku-rotor shaft kufakwe injini encane ehambisanayo noma isiguquli esijikelezayo esidingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe injini ineziphetho ezimbili ezinwetshiwe, okuvame ukuba nzima ukukwenza. ② Ukunemba kwesilinganiso se-engeli yamandla kuncike kakhulu kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic kwe-VTSM ne-E0ASM, futhi uma okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kukukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ukunemba kwesilinganiso kuzoncishiswa.
3) Ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwe-engeli yamandla kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, manje ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezinzwa zokuma ukuze kutholwe isignali yesikhundla se-rotor, bese kuqhathaniswa nesigaba nendlela ye-voltage yokugcina.
Umgomo oyisisekelo ukufaka idiski yesithombe kagesi ehlongozwayo noma ebonisiwe ku-shaft ye-synchronous motor elinganiselwe uzibuthe, inani lezimbobo ezisatshalaliswe ngokufanayo kudiski noma omaka abamnyama nabamhlophe kanye nenani lamapheya ezigxobo zenjini evumelanisiwe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. . Lapho idiski izungeza inguquko eyodwa ngenjini, inzwa ye-photoelectric ithola amasiginali we-p rotor bese ikhiqiza ama-p low voltage pulses. Uma injini isebenza ngendlela efanayo, imvamisa yalesi siginali yesikhundla se-rotor ilingana nemvamisa ye-voltage yetheminali ye-armature, futhi isigaba sayo sibonisa isigaba samandla e-electromotive evusa amadlingozi. Isignali ye-pulse yokuvumelanisa ikhuliswa ngokubunjwa, isigaba sishintshiwe kanye ne-voltage ye-armature motor yokuhlola ukuze kuqhathaniswe nesigaba ukuze uthole umehluko wesigaba. Setha lapho ukusebenza kwemoto okungalayishi, umehluko wesigaba ngu-θ1 (cishe ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi i-engeli yamandla θ = 0), lapho umthwalo ugijima, umehluko wesigaba ngu-θ2, bese umehluko wesigaba θ2 - θ1 ulinganisiwe. unomphela uzibuthe synchronous motor umthwalo amandla engela value. Umdwebo wohlelo ukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umdwebo 3 Umdwebo wohlelo lokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla
Njengoba ku-disk photoelectric nombala camera black and white mark kunzima kakhulu, futhi lapho kulinganiswa unomphela uzibuthe synchronous motor izigxobo ngesikhathi esifanayo wokumaka disk ayikwazi okuvamile nomunye. Ukuze kube lula, kungabuye kuhlolwe ku-shaft unomphela ozibuthe we-motor drive egoqwe ngesiyingi se-tape emnyama, eboshwe ngophawu olumhlophe, umthombo wokukhanya wenzwa ye-photoelectric okhishwa ukukhanya okuqoqwe kulo mbuthano ebusweni betheyiphu. Ngale ndlela, njalo ukuphenduka kwe-motor, inzwa ye-photoelectric ku-transistor ye-photosensitive ngenxa yokwamukela ukukhanya okubonakalayo kanye nokuqhutshwa kanye, okuholela esignali ye-pulse kagesi, emva kokukhulisa nokubunjwa ukuze uthole isignali yokuqhathanisa E1. kusukela ekuhloleni kwe-motor armature ekupheleni kwanoma iyiphi i-voltage yezigaba ezimbili, nge-voltage transformer PT phansi kuya ku-voltage ephansi, ithunyelwe ku-comparator voltage, ukwakheka kommeleli wesigaba esingunxande sesignali ye-voltage pulse U1. I-U1 ngobuningi be-p-division, ukuqhathanisa kwesigaba ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwesigaba nesiqhathanisi sesigaba. I-U1 ngefrikhwensi ye-p-division, ngesiqhathanisi sesigaba ukuqhathanisa umehluko wesigaba sayo nesiginali.
Ukushiyeka kwendlela yokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla engenhla ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso ezimbili kufanele wenziwe ukuze kutholwe i-engeli yamandla. Ukuze ugweme amanani amabili asusiwe futhi wehlise ukunemba, esilinganisweni somehluko wesigaba somthwalo θ2, ukuguqulwa kwesiginali ye-U2, umehluko wesigaba esilinganisiwe ngu-θ2'=180 ° - θ2, i-engeli yamandla θ=180 ° - ( θ1 + θ2'), okuguqula amanani amabili ukusuka ekususeni kwesigaba kuye kokwengezwa. Umdwebo wobuningi besigaba uboniswa ku-Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 Isimiso sendlela yokwengeza isigaba sokubala umehluko wesigaba
Enye indlela ethuthukisiwe ayisebenzisi i-voltage rectangular waveform signal frequency division, kodwa isebenzisa i-microcomputer ukurekhoda ngesikhathi esisodwa i-waveform yesiginali, ngokulandelana, ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokufaka, ukurekhoda i-voltage engekho umthwalo kanye ne-rotor position signal waveforms U0, E0, kanye I-voltage yomthwalo kanye nesikhundla se-rotor i-rectangular waveform amasiginali i-U1, E1, bese ihambisa ama-waveforms okurekhodiwe okubili ngokuhlobene kuze kube yilapho amaza wamaza wamaza wamaza wamaza wamaza wamaza wamagagasi amabili egqagqene ngokuphelele, lapho umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-rotor emibili Umehluko wesigaba. phakathi kwezimpawu ze-rotor ezimbili kukhona i-engeli yamandla; noma uhambise i-waveform kumagagasi amabili wesignali yesikhundla se-rotor aqondane, bese umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwamasignali amabili kagesi i-engeli yamandla.
Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwangempela okungenamthwalo we-motor synchronous yamagnetic unomphela, i-angle yamandla ayiyona i-zero, ikakhulukazi kumamotho amancane, ngenxa yokungasebenzi komthwalo ongekho umthwalo (okubandakanya ukulahleka kwethusi kwe-stator, ukulahleka kwensimbi, ukulahleka komshini, ukulahleka kokuduka) kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, uma ucabanga ukuthi i-engeli yamandla angenamthwalo kaziro, izodala iphutha elikhulu esilinganisweni se-engeli yamandla, engasetshenziswa ukwenza injini ye-DC isebenze esifundazweni. yenjini, isiqondiso sesiteringi kanye nesiteringi semoto yokuhlola kuyahambisana, nesiteringi se-DC motor, injini ye-DC ingagijima endaweni efanayo, kanti injini ye-DC ingasetshenziswa njengemoto yokuhlola. Lokhu kungenza ukuthi imoto ye-DC isebenze esimweni semoto, isiteringi nesiteringi semoto yokuhlola sihambisane nemoto ye-DC ukuhlinzeka ngakho konke ukulahleka kwe-shaft yemoto yokuhlola (okubandakanya ukulahleka kwensimbi, ukulahleka kwemishini, ukulahleka kwemishini, njll.). Indlela yokwahlulela ukuthi amandla okufaka emoto yokuhlola alingana nokusetshenziswa kwethusi kwe-stator, okungukuthi, i-P1 = pCu, kanye ne-voltage ne-current esigabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi isilinganiso esingu-θ1 sihambisana ne-engeli yamandla kaziro.
Isifinyezo: izinzuzo zale ndlela:
① Indlela yokulayisha eqondile ingakala i-inductance yesimo sokuzinza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokulayisha, futhi ayidingi isu lokulawula, elinembile nelilula.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngokuqondile ngaphansi komthwalo, umphumela wokugcwala kanye nomthelela we-demagnetization wamanje kumapharamitha we-inductance kungacatshangelwa.
Ububi bale ndlela:
① Indlela yokulayisha eqondile idinga ukukala amanani engeziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo (i-voltage yezigaba ezintathu, imanje yezigaba ezintathu, i-engeli yesici samandla, njll.), ukukalwa kwe-engeli yamandla kuba nzima kakhulu, kanye nokunemba kokuhlola inani ngalinye linomthelela oqondile ekunembeni kwezibalo zepharamitha, futhi zonke izinhlobo zamaphutha ekuhlolweni kwepharamitha kulula ukunqwabelana. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa indlela yokulayisha eqondile ukukala imingcele, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlaziyweni kwephutha, bese ukhetha ukunemba okuphezulu kwethuluzi lokuhlola.
② Inani le-excitation electromotive force E0 kule ndlela yokulinganisa ishintshwa ngokuqondile yi-motor terminal voltage ngaphandle komthwalo, futhi lokhu kulinganisa kuletha namaphutha angokwemvelo. Ngoba, indawo yokusebenza yamagnetic unomphela iyashintsha ngomthwalo, okusho ukuthi kuma-stator currents ahlukene, ukuvuthwa kanye nokuqina kwe-flux kazibuthe unomphela kuhlukile, ngakho-ke amandla e-excitation electromotive nawo ahlukile. Ngale ndlela, akunembile kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni samandla e-electromotive evusayo ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo ngamandla e-electromotive e-excitation ngaphandle komthwalo.
Izithenjwa
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Ithiyori kanye nomklamo wesimanje ozibuthe unomphela. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press. Mashi 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. I-Permanent Motor Technology, Idizayini kanye Nezicelo, 2nd ed. ENew York: uMarcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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