I. Inhloso nokubaluleka kokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance
(1)Inhloso Yokulinganisa Amapharamitha we-synchronous Inductance (okungukuthi, i-Cross-axis Inductance)
Amapharamitha we-AC kanye ne-DC inductance amapharamitha amabili abaluleke kakhulu ku-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela. Ukuthola kwabo okunembile kuyisidingo kanye nesisekelo sokubala kwesici semoto, ukulingisa okuguquguqukayo nokulawula isivinini. I-synchronous inductance ingasetshenziswa ukubala izakhiwo eziningi eziqinile ezifana nesici samandla, ukusebenza kahle, i-torque, i-armature current, amandla kanye namanye amapharamitha. Kuhlelo lokulawula lwemoto kazibuthe unomphela usebenzisa isilawuli se-vector, imingcele ye-synchronous inductor ihileleke ngokuqondile ku-algorithm yokulawula, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi esifundeni esibuthakathaka samagnetic, ukungalungi kwemingcele yemoto kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwe-torque namandla. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwemingcele ye-inductor evumelanisiwe.
(2)Izinkinga okufanele ziphawulwe ekulinganiseni ukuthokoma okuhambisanayo
Ukuze kutholwe ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukwakheka kwamamotho kazibuthe angama-synchronous ahlala njalo aklanywa ukuthi abe inkimbinkimbi, futhi umjikelezo kazibuthe wemoto ugcwala kakhulu, okuholela kupharamitha ye-synchronous inductance yenjini ehlukanisiwe nokugcwala kwesekethe kazibuthe. Ngamanye amazwi, imingcele izoshintsha nezimo zokusebenza zemoto, ngokuphelele ngezimo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe zemingcele ye-synchronous inductance ayikwazi ukukhombisa ngokunembile uhlobo lwepharamitha yemoto. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukala amanani we-inductance ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
2.unomphela uzibuthe motor synchronous inductance izindlela zokulinganisa
Leli phepha liqoqa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulinganisa i-synchronous inductance futhi lenza ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe nokuhlaziywa kwazo. Lezi zindlela zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlolwa komthwalo oqondile kanye nokuhlola okungaqondile okungaqondile. Ukuhlola okungaguquki kuphinde kuhlukaniswe ngokuhlolwa okungaguquki kwe-AC kanye nokuhlola okungashintshi kwe-DC. Namuhla, isitolimende sokuqala "Sezindlela Zokuhlola I-Synchronous Inductor" sizochaza indlela yokuhlola umthwalo.
Imibhalo [1] yethula isimiso sendlela yomthwalo oqondile. Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela ngokuvamile angahlaziywa ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yokusabela kabili ukuze kuhlaziywe ukusebenza kwawo komthwalo, futhi imidwebo yesigaba yejeneretha nokusebenza kwemoto kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1 ngezansi. I-engeli yamandla θ yejeneretha iphozithivu ngo-E0 idlula u-U, i-engeli yesici samandla φ iphozithivu nge-I edlula u-U, futhi i-engeli yesici samandla angaphakathi ψ iphozithivu ngo-E0 edlula I. I-angle yamandla engu-θ ye-motor iphozithivu ngo-U edlula u-E0, i-engeli yesici samandla φ ilungile ngo-U edlula i-I, futhi i-engeli yesici samandla sangaphakathi ene-positive idlula u-E.
Umdwebo wesigaba soku-1 sokusebenza kwe-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela
(a)Isimo sejeneretha (b) Isimo sezimoto
Ngokwalesi sigaba umdwebo ingatholakala: lapho unomphela uzibuthe motor umthwalo operation, kukalwa akukho-mthwalo excitation amandla electromotive force E0, armature esibulalayo voltage U, I yamanje, amandla factor angle φ kanye namandla angle θ nokunye, ingatholakala armature current ye eksisi eqondile, cross-eksisi ingxenye Id = Isin (θ - φφφφφ) kanye XΆ kungaba etholwe kusuka XΆΆφφ ΆΆΆ = Iq = Iq = isibalo esilandelayo:
Lapho i-generator isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Lapho injini isebenza:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Izimo ezizinzile zamamotho kazibuthe ahambisanayo ziyashintsha njengoba izimo zokusebenza zenjini zishintsha, futhi lapho i-armature current ishintsha, kokubili i-Xd ne-Xq iyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, lapho unquma imingcele, qiniseka ukuthi ubonisa nezimo zokusebenza zemoto. (Inani elishintshayo neliqondile le-shaft yamanje noma i-stator yamanje kanye ne-engeli yesici samandla sangaphakathi)
Ubunzima obukhulu lapho ukala amapharamitha we-inductive ngendlela yokulayisha eqondile kusesilinganisweni se-engeli yamandla engu-θ. Njengoba sazi, umehluko we-engeli yesigaba phakathi kwe-motor terminal voltage U kanye namandla e-excitation electromotive. Lapho i-motor isebenza ngokuzinzile, i-voltage yokuphela ingatholakala ngokuqondile, kodwa i-E0 ayikwazi ukutholwa ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ingatholwa kuphela ngendlela engaqondile ukuze uthole isignali yezikhathi ezithile nge-frequency efana ne-E0 kanye nomehluko wesigaba esinqunyiwe sokushintsha u-E0 ukuze wenze ukuqhathanisa kwesigaba ne-voltage yokuphela.
Izindlela zendabuko ezingaqondile yilezi:
1) esikhaleni se-armature motor esivivinyweni esigqitshwe iphimbo kanye nekhoyili yasekuqaleni yemoto yokujika okuningana kocingo olucolekile njengekhoyili yokulinganisa, ukuze kutholwe isigaba esifanayo ne-motor winding ngaphansi kwesiginali yokuqhathanisa i-voltage yokuhlola, ngokuqhathanisa i-engeli yesici samandla ingatholakala.
2) Faka i-synchronous motor ku-shaft ye-motor ngaphansi kokuhlolwa efana ne-motor ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. Indlela yokulinganisa isigaba se-voltage [2], ezochazwa ngezansi, isekelwe kulesi simiso. Umdwebo wokuxhuma wokuhlola uboniswa kuMfanekiso 2. I-TSM iyinjini ehambisanayo kazibuthe ehlala njalo ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, i-ASM iyinjini efanayo efanayo edingeka ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PM iyisihambisi esiyinhloko, esingaba injini ehambisanayo noma injini ye-DC, B iyibhuleki, futhi i-DBO iyi-oscilloscope ye-double beam kanye ne-CSM exhunywe esigabeni se-TSM kanye ne-TSM exhunywe kwi-The CSM. i-oscilloscope. Uma i-TSM ixhunywe kugesi wezigaba ezintathu, i-oscilloscope ithola amasignali e-VTSM kanye ne-E0ASM. ngenxa yokuthi amamotho amabili ayafana futhi azungeza ngokuhambisanayo, i-backpotential engekho yomthwalo ye-TSM yomhloli kanye ne-no-load backpotential ye-ASM, esebenza njengejeneretha, i-E0ASM, isesigabeni. Ngakho-ke, i-engeli yamandla engu-θ, okungukuthi, umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-VTSM ne-E0ASM ungalinganiswa.
Umdwebo 2 Umdwebo wezintambo wokuhlola wokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla
Le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngoba: ① ku-rotor shaft kufakwe injini encane ehambisanayo noma isiguquli esijikelezayo esidingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe injini ineziphetho ezimbili ezinwetshiwe, okuvame ukuba nzima ukukwenza. ② Ukunemba kwesilinganiso se-engeli yamandla kuncike kakhulu kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic kwe-VTSM ne-E0ASM, futhi uma okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kukukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ukunemba kwesilinganiso kuzoncishiswa.
3) Ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwe-engeli yamandla kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, manje ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezinzwa zokuma ukuze kutholwe isignali yesikhundla se-rotor, bese kuqhathaniswa nesigaba nendlela ye-voltage yokugcina.
Umgomo oyisisekelo uwukufaka idiski yesithombe kagesi ehlongozwayo noma ebonisiwe kushafti yenjini ehambisanayo kazibuthe elinganisiwe, inani lezimbobo ezisatshalaliswe ngokufanayo kudiski noma omaka abamnyama nabamhlophe kanye nenani lamapheya ezigxobo zenjini ehambisanayo ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. Lapho idiski izungeza inguquko eyodwa ngenjini, inzwa ye-photoelectric ithola amasiginali we-p rotor bese ikhiqiza ama-p low voltage pulses. Uma injini isebenza ngendlela efanayo, imvamisa yalesi siginali yesikhundla se-rotor ilingana nemvamisa ye-voltage yetheminali ye-armature, futhi isigaba sayo sibonisa isigaba samandla e-electromotive evusa amadlingozi. Isignali ye-pulse yokuvumelanisa ikhuliswa ngokubunjwa, isigaba sishintshiwe kanye ne-voltage ye-armature motor yokuhlola ukuze kuqhathaniswe nesigaba ukuze uthole umehluko wesigaba. Setha lapho ukusebenza kwemoto okungalayishiwe, umehluko wesigaba ngu-θ1 (cishe ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi i-engeli yamandla θ = 0), lapho umthwalo usebenza, umehluko wesigaba ngu-θ2, bese umehluko wesigaba θ2 - θ1 inani le-angle lamandla kazibuthe elilinganiselwe elilinganiselwe. Umdwebo wohlelo ukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umdwebo 3 Umdwebo wohlelo lokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla
Njengoba ku-disk photoelectric nombala camera black and white mark kunzima kakhulu, futhi lapho kulinganiswa unomphela uzibuthe synchronous motor izigxobo ngesikhathi esifanayo wokumaka disk ayikwazi okuvamile nomunye. Ukuze kube lula, kungabuye kuhlolwe ku-shaft unomphela ozibuthe we-motor drive egoqwe ngesiyingi se-tape emnyama, eboshwe ngophawu olumhlophe, umthombo wokukhanya wenzwa ye-photoelectric okhishwa ukukhanya okuqoqwe kulo mbuthano ebusweni betheyiphu. Ngale ndlela, njalo ukuphenduka kwe-motor, inzwa ye-photoelectric ku-transistor ye-photosensitive ngenxa yokwamukela ukukhanya okubonakalayo kanye nokuqhutshwa kanye, okuholela esignali ye-pulse kagesi, emva kokukhulisa nokubunjwa ukuze uthole isignali yokuqhathanisa E1. kusukela ekuhloleni kwe-motor armature ekupheleni kwanoma iyiphi i-voltage yezigaba ezimbili, nge-voltage transformer PT phansi kuya ku-voltage ephansi, ithunyelwe ku-comparator voltage, ukwakheka kommeleli wesigaba esingunxande sesignali ye-voltage pulse U1. I-U1 ngobuningi be-p-division, ukuqhathanisa kwesigaba ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwesigaba nesiqhathanisi sesigaba. I-U1 ngefrikhwensi ye-p-division, ngesiqhathanisi sesigaba ukuqhathanisa umehluko wesigaba sayo nesiginali.
Ukushiyeka kwendlela yokulinganisa i-engeli yamandla engenhla ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso ezimbili kufanele wenziwe ukuze kutholwe i-engeli yamandla. Ukuze kugwenywe amanani amabili akhishiwe futhi kuncishiswe ukunemba, esilinganisweni somehluko wesigaba somthwalo θ2, ukuhlehla kwesignali ye-U2, umehluko wesigaba esilinganisiwe ngu-θ2'=180 ° - θ2, i-engeli yamandla θ=180 ° - (θ1 + θ2'), okuguqula ubuningi besigaba esisuka kumanani amabili wokukhipha. Umdwebo wobuningi besigaba uboniswa ku-Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 Isimiso sendlela yokwengeza isigaba sokubala umehluko wesigaba
Enye indlela ethuthukisiwe ayisebenzisi i-voltage rectangular waveform signal frequency division, kodwa sebenzisa i-microcomputer ukurekhoda ngesikhathi esisodwa i-waveform yesiginali, ngokulandelana, ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokufaka, irekhoda i-voltage engekho umthwalo kanye ne-rotor position signal waveforms U0, E0, kanye ne-voltage yomthwalo kanye nesikhundla se-rotor amasiginali angama-rectangular waveform U1, E1, bese uhambisa amanye ama-waveform amagagasi amabili ahlobene ne-waveform ngayinye ye-waveform ngayinye. amasignali e-waveform agqigqene ngokuphelele, lapho umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-rotor emibili Umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwezimpawu ezimbili ze-rotor isikhundla i-engeli yamandla; noma uhambise i-waveform kumagagasi amabili wesignali yesikhundla se-rotor aqondane, bese umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwamasignali amabili kagesi i-engeli yamandla.
Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwangempela okungenamthwalo we-motor unomphela ozibuthe synchronous motor, i-angle yamandla ayiyona i-zero, ikakhulukazi kumamotor amancane, ngenxa yokungasebenzi komthwalo ongekho umthwalo (okubandakanya ukulahleka kwethusi kwe-stator, ukulahleka kwensimbi, ukulahleka komshini, ukulahleka kokuduka) kukhulu, uma ucabanga ukuthi i-angle yamandla engenawo umthwalo we-zero, izobangela ukuthi i-angle ye-DC ikwazi ukwenza iphutha elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-engeli esebenzayo. isimo semoto, isiqondiso sesiteringi kanye nesiteringi semoto yokuhlola kuyahambisana, nesiteringi semoto ye-DC, injini ye-DC ingasebenza endaweni efanayo, kanti injini ye-DC ingasetshenziswa njengemoto yokuhlola. Lokhu kungenza ukuthi imoto ye-DC isebenze esimweni semoto, isiteringi nesiteringi semoto yokuhlola sihambisane nemoto ye-DC ukuhlinzeka ngakho konke ukulahleka kwe-shaft yemoto yokuhlola (okubandakanya ukulahleka kwensimbi, ukulahleka kwemishini, ukulahleka kwemishini, njll.). Indlela yokwahlulela ukuthi amandla okufaka emoto yokuhlola alingana nokusetshenziswa kwethusi kwe-stator, okungukuthi, i-P1 = pCu, kanye ne-voltage ne-current esigabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi isilinganiso esingu-θ1 sihambisana ne-engeli yamandla kaziro.
Isifinyezo: izinzuzo zale ndlela:
① Indlela yokulayisha eqondile ingakala i-inductance yesimo sokuzinza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokulayisha, futhi ayidingi isu lokulawula, elinembile nelilula.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngokuqondile ngaphansi komthwalo, umphumela wokugcwala kanye nomthelela we-demagnetization wamanje kumapharamitha we-inductance kungacatshangelwa.
Ububi bale ndlela:
① Indlela yokulayisha eqondile idinga ukukala amanani engeziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo (i-voltage yezigaba ezintathu, i-amanje yezigaba ezintathu, i-engeli yesici samandla, njll.), ukukalwa kwe-engeli yamandla kunzima kakhulu, kanye nokunemba kokuhlolwa kwenani ngalinye kunomthelela oqondile ekubalweni kwepharamitha, futhi zonke izinhlobo zamaphutha zilinganiswa kalula kupharamitha. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa indlela yokulayisha eqondile ukukala imingcele, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlaziyweni kwephutha, bese ukhetha ukunemba okuphezulu kwethuluzi lokuhlola.
② Inani le-excitation electromotive force E0 kule ndlela yokulinganisa ishintshwa ngokuqondile yi-motor terminal voltage ngaphandle komthwalo, futhi lokhu kulinganisa kuletha namaphutha angokwemvelo. Ngoba, indawo yokusebenza yamagnetic unomphela iyashintsha ngomthwalo, okusho ukuthi kuma-stator currents ahlukene, ukuvuthwa kanye nokuqina kwe-flux kazibuthe unomphela kuhlukile, ngakho-ke amandla e-excitation electromotive nawo ahlukile. Ngale ndlela, akunembile kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni samandla e-electromotive evusayo ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo ngamandla e-electromotive e-excitation ngaphandle komthwalo.
Izikhombo
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Ithiyori kanye nomklamo wesimanje ozibuthe unomphela. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press. Mashi 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. I-Permanent Motor Technology, Idizayini kanye Nezicelo, 2nd ed. ENew York: uMarcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-18-2024