I-Frequency converter ubuchwepheshe okufanele bucaciswe lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi kagesi. Ukusebenzisa i-frequency converter ukulawula imoto kuyindlela evamile yokulawula ugesi; ezinye nazo zidinga ubuchwepheshe ekusebenziseni kwazo.
1.Okokuqala, kungani usebenzise isiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuze ulawule injini?
I-motor ingumthwalo we-inductive, ovimbela ushintsho lwamanje futhi uzokhiqiza ushintsho olukhulu lwamanje lapho uqala.
I-inverter iyithuluzi lokulawula amandla kagesi elisebenzisa umsebenzi wokucisha wamadivayisi we-semiconductor yamandla ukuguqula ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kwezezimboni kube enye ifrikhwensi. Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngamasekethe amabili, enye iyisekethe eyinhloko (imojula yokulungisa kabusha, i-electrolytic capacitor kanye ne-inverter module), kanti enye iyisekhethi yokulawula (ukushintsha ibhodi lokuphakela amandla, ibhodi lesifunda lokulawula).
Ukuze kuncishiswe amandla okuqala enjini, ikakhulukazi i-motor enamandla amakhulu, amandla amakhulu, amandla okuqala okuqala. Ukuqala okweqile kuzoletha umthwalo omkhulu kunethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kukagesi nokusabalalisa. Isiguquli semvamisa singaxazulula le nkinga yokuqala futhi sivumele i-motor ukuthi iqale kahle ngaphandle kokubangela amandla okuqala ngokweqile.
Omunye umsebenzi wokusebenzisa i-converter frequency ukulungisa isivinini semoto. Ezimweni eziningi, kuyadingeka ukulawula ijubane lemoto ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqula imvamisa bekulokhu kuwukugqamisa okukhulu kakhulu. Isiguquli sefrikhwensi silawula isivinini semoto ngokushintsha imvamisa yokunikezwa kwamandla.
2.Iziphi izindlela zokulawula i-inverter?
Izindlela ezinhlanu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zama-inverter control motors zimi kanje:
A. Indlela yokulawula ye-Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).
Izici zayo ziyisakhiwo esilula sokulawula isifunda, izindleko eziphansi, ubulukhuni obuhle bemishini, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokulawulwa kwejubane elibushelelezi lokudluliswa okujwayelekile. Isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yemboni.
Kodwa-ke, kuma-frequencies aphansi, ngenxa ye-voltage ephumayo ephansi, i-torque ithinteka kakhulu ukwehla kwe-voltage ye-stator, okunciphisa i-torque ephezulu yokukhipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zayo zemishini azinamandla njengalezo zamamotho e-DC, futhi umthamo wayo we-torque oguquguqukayo kanye nokusebenza kokulawula isivinini esimile akugculisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwesistimu akuphakeme, ijika lokulawula liyashintsha ngomthwalo, impendulo ye-torque ihamba kancane, izinga lokusebenzisa i-torque ye-motor aliphezulu, nokusebenza kwehla ngesivinini esiphansi ngenxa yokuba khona kokumelana kwe-stator kanye ne-inverter efile. umphumela wendawo, futhi ukuzinza kuyawohloka. Ngakho-ke, abantu bafunde ukulawulwa kwe-vector variable frequency frequency regulation.
B. I-Voltage Space Vector (SVPWM) Indlela Yokulawula
Isekelwe kumphumela ophelele wesizukulwane we-waveform yezigaba ezintathu, ngenhloso yokusondela endaweni eyindilinga ejikelezayo yamagnetic field trajectory yegebe lomoya wemoto, ikhiqize i-wavemodulation yezigaba ezintathu ngesikhathi, futhi ukuyilawula ngendlela. yepholigoni eqoshiwe esondele kumbuthano.
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo, kuye kwathuthukiswa, okungukuthi, ukwethula isinxephezelo semvamisa ukuze kuqedwe iphutha lokulawula isivinini; ukulinganisa i-flux amplitude ngokusebenzisa impendulo ukuze kuqedwe ithonya lokumelana ne-stator ngesivinini esiphansi; ukuvala i-voltage ephumayo kanye neluphu yamanje ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba okuguquguqukayo nokuzinza. Kodwa-ke, kunezixhumanisi eziningi zesekethe yokulawula, futhi akukho ukulungiswa kwe-torque okwethulwayo, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwesistimu akuzange kuthuthukiswe ngokuyisisekelo.
C. Indlela yokulawula iVector (VC).
Okubalulekile ukwenza injini ye-AC ilingane nemoto ye-DC, futhi ulawule ngokuzimela isivinini kanye nenkundla kazibuthe. Ngokulawula ukugeleza kwe-rotor, i-stator yamanje ichithwa ukuze ithole izingxenye ze-torque kanye ne-magnetic field, futhi ukuguqulwa kokuxhumanisa kusetshenziselwa ukufeza ukulawulwa kwe-orthogonal noma i-decoupled. Ukwethulwa kwendlela yokulawula i-vector ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-epoch-making. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo, njengoba i-rotor flux ilukhuni ukuyibona ngokunembile, izici zesistimu zithinteka kakhulu yimingcele yemoto, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-vector rotation esetshenziswa enkambweni yokulawula imoto ye-DC efanayo kuyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube nzima kuqobo lwangempela. lawula umphumela ukuze uzuze umphumela wokuhlaziya ofanele.
D. Indlela Yokulawula Ithoshi Eqondile (DTC).
Ngo-1985, uProfesa DePenbrock wase-Ruhr University eJalimane waqala ukuhlongoza ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula i-torque eqondile yokulawula imvamisa. Lobu buchwepheshe buxazulule kakhulu ukushiyeka kokulawulwa kwe-vector okukhulunywe ngenhla, futhi buye bathuthukiswa ngokushesha ngemibono yokulawula inoveli, ukwakheka kwesistimu okufushane nokucacile, nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuguquguqukayo nokumile.
Njengamanje, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekudonselweni kokuhanjiswa kwe-AC okunamandla aphezulu ezitimela zikagesi. Ukulawula i-torque eqondile kuhlaziya ngokuqondile imodeli yezibalo zamamotho e-AC kusistimu yokuhlanganisa i-stator futhi ilawula ukugeleza kazibuthe kanye ne-torque yemoto. Akudingi ukulinganisa ama-AC motors nama-DC motors, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe izibalo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuguqulweni kwe-vector rotation; ayidingi ukulingisa ukulawulwa kwamamotho e-DC, futhi ayidingi ukwenza lula imodeli yezibalo yamamotho e-AC ukuze ihlukanise.
E. Indlela yokulawula ye-AC-AC ye-Matrix
I-VVVF frequency conversion, i-vector control frequency conversion, kanye ne-direct torque control frequency conversion yizo zonke izinhlobo ze-AC-DC-AC frequency conversion. Ukungalungi kwabo okuvamile kuyisici samandla okufakwayo aphansi, i-harmonic yamanje enkulu, i-capacitor yokugcina amandla enkulu edingekayo kumjikelezo we-DC, namandla okuvuselela angeke abuyiselwe kugridi yamandla, okungukuthi, ayikwazi ukusebenza ngama-quadrants amane.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-matrix AC-AC kwaba khona. Njengoba ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa ye-matrix AC-AC kuqeda isixhumanisi se-DC esimaphakathi, kuqeda i-electrolytic capacitor enkulu nebizayo. Ingakwazi ukufeza isici samandla esingu-1, i-sinusoidal input current futhi ingasebenza ngama-quadrants amane, futhi uhlelo lunomthamo omkhulu wamandla. Yize lobu buchwepheshe bungakavuthwa, zisaheha osolwazi abaningi ukuthi benze ucwaningo olunzulu. Ingqikithi yayo ayikona ukulawula ngokungaqondile i-flux yamanje, kazibuthe namanye amanani, kodwa ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile i-torque njengenani elilawulwayo ukuyifinyelela.
3.Isiguquli sefrikhwensi siyilawula kanjani injini? Zixhunywe kanjani zombili ndawonye?
I-wiring ye-inverter yokulawula i-motor ilula, ifana ne-wiring ye-contactor, enezintambo ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla ezingenayo bese ziphuma ku-motor, kodwa izilungiselelo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nezindlela zokulawula i-inverter nazo. ezahlukene.
Okokuqala, ku-terminal ye-inverter, nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi nezindlela zokufaka izintambo ezihlukene, amatheminali e-wiring ama-inverters amaningi awahluke kakhulu. Imvamisa ihlukaniselwe okokufaka kokushintshayo okuya phambili nokuhlehlayo, okusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuqala nokuhlehla kwenjini. Amatheminali empendulo asetshenziselwa ukuphendula isimo sokusebenza kwenjini,kufaka phakathi imvamisa yokusebenza, isivinini, isimo sephutha, njll.
Ukulawula izilungiselelo zesivinini, ezinye iziguquli zefrikhwensi zisebenzisa ama-potentiometer, ezinye zisebenzisa izinkinobho ngokuqondile, zonke zilawulwa ngezintambo ezibonakalayo. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokuxhumana. Iziguquli zefrikhwensi eziningi manje zisekela ukulawula ukuxhumana. Ulayini wokuxhumana ungasetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuqala nokumisa, ukuzungeza phambili nokuhlehla, ukulungiswa kwesivinini, njll. kwemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi lwempendulo luphinde ludluliselwe ngokuxhumana.
4.Kwenzekani ku-torque ephumayo yemoto lapho ijubane layo lokujikeleza (imvamisa) lishintsha?
I-torque yokuqala kanye ne-torque ephezulu uma iqhutshwa isiguquli sefrikhwensi kuncane kunalapho ishayelwa ngokuqondile amandla kagesi.
Injini inomthelela omkhulu wokuqala kanye nokusheshisa uma inikwa amandla amandla, kodwa le mithelela iba buthaka uma inikwa amandla isiguquli sefrikhwensi. Ukuqala okuqondile ngokunikezwa kwamandla kuzokhiqiza igagasi elikhulu lokuqala. Uma kusetshenziswa isiguquli sefrikhwensi, i-voltage ephumayo kanye nemvamisa yesiguquli semvamisa yengezwa kancane kancane kumotho, ngakho-ke i-motor yokuqala yamanje kanye nomthelela kuncane. Ngokuvamile, i-torque ekhiqizwa injini iyancipha njengoba imvamisa iyancipha (isivinini siyehla). Idatha yangempela yokwehliswa izochazwa kwamanye amabhukwana okuguqula imvamisa.
Injini evamile yakhelwe futhi yenzelwe i-voltage engu-50Hz, futhi i-torque yayo elinganiselwe nayo inikezwa ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu lwamandla kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwesivinini ngaphansi kwemvamisa elinganiselwe kubizwa ngokuthi ukulawulwa kwejubane le-torque njalo. (T=Te, P<=Pe)
Lapho imvamisa yokuphuma kwesiguquli semvamisa ingaphezu kuka-50Hz, itorque ekhiqizwa injini iyancipha ebudlelwaneni bomugqa ngokuphambene ngokulingana nemvamisa.
Lapho injini igijima imvamisa engaphezu kuka-50Hz, usayizi womthwalo wemoto kufanele ucatshangelwe ukuze kuvinjwe itorque ephumayo yemoto enganele.
Isibonelo, i-torque ekhiqizwa injini ku-100Hz iyancipha ibe yi-1/2 ye-torque ekhiqizwa ku-50Hz.
Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwesivinini ngaphezu kwefrikhwensi elinganiselwe kubizwa ngokuthi ukulawulwa kwesivinini samandla njalo. (P=Ue*Ie).
5.Ukusetshenziswa kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi ngaphezu kuka-50Hz
Enjinini ethile, i-voltage yayo elinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso samanje akushintshi.
Isibonelo, uma amanani alinganisiwe e-inverter kanye nenjini kokubili: 15kW/380V/30A, injini ingasebenza ngaphezu kuka-50Hz.
Uma ijubane lingu-50Hz, i-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter ingu-380V futhi yamanje ngu-30A. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma imvamisa yokuphuma inyuswa ibe ngu-60Hz, i-voltage ephezulu yokuphuma kanye namanje ye-inverter ingaba ngu-380V/30A kuphela. Ngokusobala, amandla okukhiphayo ahlala engashintshiwe, ngakho sikubiza ngokuthi ukulawulwa kwesivinini samandla njalo.
Injani itorque ngalesi sikhathi?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-P=wT(w; i-angular velocity, T: torque), njengoba u-P ehlala engashintshile futhi w enyuka, i-torque izokwehla ngokufanele.
Singaphinde siyibheke ngelinye iso:
I-stator voltage ye-motor ingu-U=E+I*R (Iyamanje, i-R ukumelana ne-elekthronikhi, futhi u-E unamandla okubangwa).
Kuyabonakala ukuthi uma mina no-U singashintshi, u-E naye akashintshi.
Futhi E=k*f*X (k: njalo; f: imvamisa; X: i-flux kazibuthe), ngakho uma u-f eshintsha esuka ku-50–>60Hz, u-X uzokwehla ngokufanele.
Enjinini, i-T=K*I*X (K: njalo; I: yamanje; X: i-flux kazibuthe), ngakho-ke i-torque T izokwehla njengoba i-flux kazibuthe X incipha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ingaphansi kuka-50Hz, njengoba i-I*R incane kakhulu, lapho i-U/f=E/f ingashintshi, i-flux kazibuthe (X) ihlala njalo. I-Torque T ilingana neyamanje. Yingakho umthamo we-overcurrent we-inverter uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza umthamo wayo (torque) ogcwele ngokweqile, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi ukulawulwa kwejubane le-torque njalo (isilinganiso samanje sihlala singashintshiwe->i-torque enkulu ihlala ingashintshiwe)
Isiphetho: Lapho imvamisa yokuphuma kwe-inverter ikhuphuka isuka ngaphezulu kwe-50Hz, i-torque ephumayo yemoto izokwehla.
6.Ezinye izici ezihlobene ne-torque ephumayo
Ukukhiqiza ukushisa namandla okukhipha ukushisa kunquma umthamo wamanje ophumayo we-inverter, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte umthamo we-torque ophumayo we-inverter.
1. Ifrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi: Isilinganiso samanje esimakwe ku-inverter ngokuvamile inani elingaqinisekisa ukuphuma okuqhubekayo ngefrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu le-ambient. Ukunciphisa imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kwemoto. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwezingxenye kuzoncishiswa.
2. Izinga lokushisa le-ambient: Njengenani lamanje lokuvikela isiguquli ngeke linyuswe uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient litholwa liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
3. Ukuphakama: Ukwenyuka kokuphakama kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kokushisa nokusebenza kokufakwa kwe-insulation. Ngokuvamile, ingashaywa indiva ngaphansi kwe-1000m, futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngo-5% kuwo wonke amamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezulu.
7.Yini ifrikhwensi efanelekile yesiguquli sefrikhwensi ukuze silawule injini?
Kulesi sifinyezo esingenhla, sifunde ukuthi kungani i-inverter isetshenziselwa ukulawula injini, futhi saqonda ukuthi i-inverter ilawula kanjani injini. I-inverter ilawula injini, engafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Okokuqala, i-inverter ilawula i-voltage yokuqala kanye nemvamisa yemoto ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqala okubushelelezi nokuma okubushelelezi;
Okwesibili, i-inverter isetshenziselwa ukulungisa isivinini semoto, futhi isivinini semoto silungiswa ngokushintsha imvamisa.
Imoto kazibuthe ka-Anhui Mingtengimikhiqizo ilawulwa inverter. Ngaphakathi kwebanga lomthwalo elingu-25% -120%, banokusebenza okuphakeme okuphakeme kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza obubanzi kunamamotho asynchronous emininingwane efanayo, futhi anemiphumela ebalulekile yokonga amandla.
Ochwepheshe bethu abangochwepheshe bazokhetha i-inverter efanelekile ngokuya ngezimo ezithile zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zangempela zamakhasimende ukuze bathole ukulawula okungcono kwemoto futhi bakhulise ukusebenza kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnyango wethu wesevisi yezobuchwepheshe ungaqondisa amakhasimende ukude ukuthi afake futhi alungise iphutha le-inverter, futhi abone ukulandelwa kwawo wonke ama-service ngaphambi nangemuva kokuthengisa.
I-Copyright: Lesi sihloko siphrintiwe kabusha inombolo esesidlangalaleni ye-WeChat "Ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe", isixhumanisi sokuqala https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/eLgSvyLFTtslLF-m6wXMtA
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2024